مجله پزشکی قانونی
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 4 (پیاپی 92، زمستان 1398)

Facing childhood trauma can have significant psychological and neurological effects on the individual and can lead to many psychological disorders. When faced with a problem, they are associated with childhood memories and choose ineffective coping strategies such as suicide, which has many unfortunate consequences. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between suicidal thoughts and behaviors among women victims with an emphasis on the role of childhood trauma.

The method used in this study was descriptive in its correlation type. 100 women were selected by Purposive sampling among social emergency patients with domestic violence problems in 2020. Childhood trauma questionnaires [CTQ], Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised [SBQ-R], and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation [BSSI] were used as research tools. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relation between suicidal behaviors and childhood trauma [emotional, sexual, physical abuse and emotional neglect] [p = 0.001] and the role of childhood trauma in predicting suicidal behaviors was also confirmed.

it seems that women who have experienced trauma in childhood are more likely to choose suicide behaviors when facing life problems, especially domestic violence, and are prone to depression, anxiety and stress.
Keywords: Suicide, Childhood Trauma, domestic violence, Social Emergency

The purpose of this article is to present the model of factors related to the implementation of forensic medicine policies in the country based on the Islamic value system. The present study is descriptive and correlational, which was conducted by survey method. The statistical population of the study includes a group of experts who were selected as 15 people as Delphi and snowballs, and a group of official experts - physician and non-physician contractors of Ardabil, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Tehran, Ilam, South Khorasan provinces. Cluster sampling was a two-step method. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics method (correlation test and structural equation modeling) were used and the data were performed through Amos and SPSS software. In this study, three researcher-made questionnaires were used to collect the required data. Factors related to the implementation of the policy, the implementation of the policy and the Islamic value system have been used based on the 5-choice Likert scale. In order to validate the content validity method has been used (expert opinion), the validity of these questionnaires has been confirmed with a high percentage. To measure reliability using Cronbach's alpha, the reliability value was higher than (0.7) and the internal reliability of all dimensions was confirmed. Research findings show that the model of factors related to the implementation of forensic medicine policies in the country based on the Islamic value system is well suited.

The present study examines the status of documenting the death certificate in the intensive care unit of the selected hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

This applied research was conducted by combining quantitative and qualitative methods in four stages. At first, the death certificate checklist was created by reviewing the relevant literature and its validity and reliability were assessed. The death certificates issued in the surgical intensive care unit of selected hospitals were then examined. In the third phase, Focus Group documentarians were asked to document the causes of the defect during the focus group sessions. Finally, the results of the steps of the findings were presented to a panel of experts to find the most appropriate solutions.

15 related articles were reviewed out of 76 recovered articles (19.7%). After reviewing the above texts, 4 general areas were identified. The mean score of the direct cause error was 49 and the underlying cause error was 40.5. The reasons for the error were the ambiguity of the physicians in the 19 cases of referral, low motivation, and low awareness of the necessity and manner of completing the death certificate. Strategies for evaluating and responding to documentarians were to formulate general and specific guidelines for completing death certificates for different departments based on the frequency of absurd diagnoses in the workshop.

Applying the strategies of this study can lead to a reduction in ineffective referral to forensic medicine, more accurate completion of the death certificate in hospital.

The convicted mental illness is one of challenging issues in criminal law that requires the formulation of rules that require consultation with experts in the psychiatry and the use of their skills. Iran's criminal policy has ignored this issue and the consequence is that the notion of insanity in sentencing regulations remains condemned, along with some of the mental illnesses that are aggravated or delayed by punishment.

The present study uses a combination method (descriptive-analytical and field). Initially, the data were collected from the library method, then the field research was conducted through qualitative method (case study) in the form of reviewing 70 cases referred to the Psychiatric Commission of Hamadan Forensic Medicine General Directorate during a specified time interval and interviews with specialists. Commission comments were entered into SPSS software and output was analyzed inferential.

The common denominator of the definitions of scholars, jurists, law scholars, and some psychiatrists of insanity is the corruption of reason, and in conjunction with the psychic sciences, this concept encompasses a set of mental disorders that deprive the patient of understanding and distinction.

Despite the criminal law's reference to insanity in the post-trial period, the term does not apply to convicted offenders, and according to experts, mental illness in general leads to impunity when it is feared that punishment slows the healing process, exacerbates the symptoms of the disease, or Injury to a person convicted of himself or others.

 The psychological and sociological outcomes of violence against women is the point at issue in women’s mental health investigations. The present work is dedicated to scrutinize the prevalence and types of violence against women seeking divorce referred to the forensic medicine organization of Boyer-Ahmad county. 

 This was descriptive-analytical research conducted employing the survey methodology. Participants were all women seeking divorce referred to the forensic medicine organization of Boyer-Ahmad county during eight months from July 2017 to February 2018, studied by the census method. Data were collected using a questionnaire, and then included in the SPSS 19 and analyzed using descriptive statistics (e.g. frequency, mean, SD, etc.). 

 The study was carried out on 206 women. The mean prevalence of domestic violence was estimated at 19.3%, noting a moderate level. The greatest and least mean prevalence of violence was observed respectively with mental violence (84.4%) and sexual violence (72.1%). There was a statistically significant association between education, the women and spouse job, moral turpitude, doubt and treachery, interfering in others’ lives by entourages, learning violence, and marriage year with various dimensions of domestic violence against women seeking divorce.

The rate of domestic violence is moderate whilst the rate of mental violence against women seeking divorce is considerably high. Education, a good job, and the financial independence of women can diminish the rate of domestic violence against women.

Child abuse has various consequences. The present study investigate the cases of child abuse referred to the forensic centers of Mazandaran province and evaluate the challenges for recording a case of child abuse in the forensic files

The present cross-sectional retrospective study included all of the referred cases of child abuse to the forensics centers of Mazandaran province in two years. Data were gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire included age and gender, the referring center, companion, harasser and the time of the assault, type of injury, time of occurrence, reason for the occurrence and the injured organ with a reliability coefficient of 98%.

During the two-year, 84 cases of child abuse have been referred to the centers. The mean age of the children was 8 years old. Most of the injuries were made during the past 2 to 5 days and caused by getting hit with a hard object. The most injuries were respectively bruises, scratches and burns. The most involved organs were respectively the upper limbs, face, the lower limbs, the trunk, and the head and neck. Most of the bruises and swells were on the face, head, and neck, most of the scratches and burns were on the upper limbs.

The observed physical injuries in the present study were mostly consistent with the proven patterns of child abuse. Considering the flaws in recording the information, it is necessary to develop and apply standard forms using international protocols.

One of the phenomena related to the development of medical knowledge is the issue of gender reassignment of transgender people (Ts), which after the Islamic Revolution in Iran with a broad interpretation of jurisprudence proposed by Imam Khomeini who oversees bisexuality (or what is sometimes called neutral) has been used to refer to sex reassignment surgery and the creation of artificial or imperfect penises that cannot be reproduced. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explain the possibility of adoption of derelict children by transgender people who have a history of psycho‐behavioral disorders; especially since the law is silent. The method of present study was descriptive‐analytical and the method of collecting information was based on the study of the library of documents and receipts, as well as obtaining interviews and inquiries.

According to legal and jurisprudential arguments, the theory of the General Legal Department of the Judiciary and the principle of expediency of Iran and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, giving adoption of derelict children to transgender people is not allowed, whether before or after gender reassignment surgery, and this is contrary to the principle of expediency and the principle of caution, because with gender reassignment, people with sexual identity (transgender) disorder have primary creation. They have not changed, and only physical appearances have changed with surgery, and their genomes have been and will be the first sex, and they will experience or have a collection of mental and behavioral disorders, while children's right is having a family free of psychological and gender problems.

One of the cases of intentional crimes, which is mentioned in the Islamic Penal Code is typically lethal behavior. The exact criteria for which have not been determined. In practice, this shortcoming has led judges to try to assess the defendant's behavior using views of forensic experts. Despite the efforts made, we have in some cases been confronted with different opinions and perceptions  and subsequently with the issuance of some dissenting opinions in the courts. In this article, at first the effective components in it are identified and then the position of forensic medicine expert in this field is considered.

This study is a descriptive study. Through the study of the library, some sources were examined. Also, a number of cases referred to forensic medicine and expert opinions were reviewed and evaluated.

The two main components that are the main focus of forensic medical expertise in this field are the sensitivity of the site of impact and the characteristics of the injury. Determining typically lethal behavior is a matter for the judiciary. Therefore, forensic experts cannot be legally required to specify phrases such as "typically lethal behavior.

Comments of forensic experts on the lethality of injuries is as Special custom. The judge must  finally makes decision according to customary standards regarding the typically lethal behavior, and issue an appropriate sentence verdict based on legal conditions and other requirements such as knowledge, awareness and attention  of the offender to the typically lethal behavior.